Fire resistant safes are designed to protect their contents from getting damaged by fire and are rated according to how long they can do this in the extreme temperatures that occur in a fire while keeping the internal temperature below a certain level.
Construction typically consists of a double layer of steel filled with rockwool to insulate the contents for between 30 minutes and four hours below a given internal temperature in any fire.
Of course, this type of safe also protect the contents from being stolen usually with a choice of locking devices including keys, combination locks and electronic digital devices.